Keyword
17 decisions turning on balance of probabilities.
P was born in 2024 with serious medical issues and, following an acute deterioration in July 2024, was diagnosed with a severe life-limiting condition requiring prolonged intensive care and continuous intravenous medication…
The appellant, Morris Aberdeen trading as Morris Roots Natural Hair, is a sole trader carrying on business at 184 Tooting High Street, London. The appellant was required to submit a re-declaration of compliance with its automatic…
The claimant, Alicia Lopez Batiller, and the first defendant, Clive Edwards, are wife and husband, estranged for some years. The claimant occupies a property known as Hillcrest, Leeswood in Flintshire under an occupation order…
The applicant husband, in his early 40s and Head of Investor Relations at an investment equity finance partnership, and the respondent wife, also in her early 40s and largely a child-carer and homemaker who is now studying at a…
On 15 July 2024 a member of the public sent Boreham Parish Council a six-part request for information under the Freedom of Information Act 2000, concerning a dog training business operating on the parish recreation ground. Parts…
The appellant, CAL, worked as a health care support worker at Mid Essex Hospital NHS Trust from 23 April 2018 until her resignation in September 2022. She was suspended by letter dated 12 July 2023, and on 15 February 2024 the…
The proceedings concerned D, a boy aged three, born in March 2023. His father, Mr A, applied on 15 April 2025 for a child-arrangements order that D should live with him and spend time with his mother; his mother, Ms B, applied on…
P1 Pit Stop Limited was incorporated in August 2014 by Mr Palmer and Mr Forland, who each took 200 shares, with 100 going to a third subscriber, Mr Marmon; Mr Forland has been the sole de iure director throughout. In breach of…
Alfie, a boy aged between 18 and 21 months at the material time and now aged three, sustained a range of injuries — including a skull fracture, a fractured right radius and four rib fractures — while living with his mother and…
KHX, born in June 1974, was received into the care of the Isle of Wight Council in 1976 and, from March 1984 when he was nine, was placed at Richmond Row Children's Home at Brading, a home owned and managed by the Council, where…
The applicant, Dr TC, is the father of EF, a girl born in November 2024 and aged one at the date of judgment; the respondent, WF, is her mother. The parents met in April 2023 and had a turbulent, 'on/off' relationship while the…
These were private law proceedings in the Central Family Court concerning two children, AXQ, a teenage boy, and his younger sister BXQ. The father, X, and the mother, Q, were never married but lived together from September 2003…
Mr Gary Knapper appealed against two default surcharges imposed by HMRC under section 59C of the Taxes Management Act 1970 in respect of the late payment of income tax for the 2007/08 tax year. It was common ground that his…
Hoar Cross Parish Council, the appellant, employed staff and was accordingly required to file an employer's annual return, form P35, for the tax year 2009/10. Under regulation 73(1) of the Income Tax (Pay As You Earn) Regulations…
The appellants were James Ashley Gibbons ("JG") and his son Richard Lee Gibbons ("LG"), both self-employed lorry and truck drivers working in and near Newport, Wales, who lived at the family home and ran their businesses…
Mrs Daphne Gutteridge, born on 21 November 1947 and married on 9 March 1968, worked almost continuously from the age of 15. In August 2003, when she was nearly 56, the Pension Service sent her a calculation showing that her…
The appellant, Mrs Sandra Lesley Whittaker, married in December 1965 and entered the National Insurance scheme on 7 February 1960, working almost continuously from 1959 and at one point holding four jobs at the same time. Her…